Tattaunawar ka'idar akan gwajin kwanciyar hankali na aerosol wanda tsarin Arrhenius ya haifar
Tsarin da ya wajaba don ƙaddamar da samfuran mu aerosol shine yin gwajin kwanciyar hankali, amma za mu ga cewa duk da cewa gwajin kwanciyar hankali ya wuce, har yanzu za a sami digiri daban-daban na ɓarnawar ɓarna a cikin samar da jama'a, ko ma matsalolin ingancin samfuran.Don haka har yanzu yana da ma'ana a gare mu mu yi gwajin kwanciyar hankali?
Mu yawanci magana game da 50 ℃ watanni uku na kwanciyar hankali gwajin ne daidai da shekaru biyu na ka'idar gwajin sake zagayowar a dakin zafin jiki, don haka daga ina ne theoretical darajar zo daga?Ana buƙatar a ambaci wani sanannen dabara a nan: dabarar Arrhenius.Arrhenius equation shine kalmar sinadarai.Ƙa'ida ce ta ƙwaƙƙwaran alaƙar da ke tsakanin ma'aunin yawan zafin jiki da zafin jiki.Yawancin aikace-aikacen yana nuna cewa wannan dabarar ba kawai ta shafi halayen iskar gas ba, yanayin lokaci na ruwa da yawancin halayen catalytic multiphase.
Rubutun tsari (mai ma'ana)
K shine madaidaicin ƙimar, R shine madaidaicin iskar gas, T shine zafin jiki na thermodynamic, Ea shine ƙarfin kunnawa a bayyane, kuma A shine madaidaicin fa'ida (wanda kuma aka sani da ƙimar mita).
Ya kamata a lura cewa dabarar ƙwaƙƙwaran Arrhenius ta ɗauka cewa kunnawa Ea ana ɗaukarsa azaman mai zaman kansa na dindindin na zafin jiki, wanda ya yi daidai da sakamakon gwaji a cikin takamaiman yanayin zafi.Koyaya, saboda kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi ko hadaddun halayen, LNK da 1/T ba madaidaiciyar layi ba ne.Ya nuna cewa kuzarin kunnawa yana da alaƙa da zafin jiki kuma dabarar empirical Arrhenius baya amfani da wasu hadaddun halayen.
Za mu iya har yanzu bi Arrhenius' empirical dabara a cikin aerosols?Dangane da halin da ake ciki, yawancin su ana biye da su, tare da ƴan kaɗan, idan aka ba da, ba shakka, cewa "kunnawar makamashi Ea" na samfurin aerosol yana da tsayin daka ba tare da zafin jiki ba.
Dangane da lissafin Arrhenius, abubuwan da ke da tasiri na sinadarai sun haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa:
(1) Matsi: don halayen sinadaran da suka shafi iskar gas, lokacin da wasu yanayi ba su canza ba (sai dai girma), ƙara yawan matsa lamba, wato, ƙarar yana raguwa, ƙaddamar da reactants yana ƙaruwa, adadin ƙwayoyin da aka kunna a kowace juzu'in naúrar yana ƙaruwa, yawan adadin kuzari. m karo da naúrar lokaci yana ƙaruwa, da kuma dauki accelerates;In ba haka ba, yana raguwa.Idan ƙarar ta kasance akai-akai, ƙimar amsawar ta kasance mai ƙarfi a matsa lamba (ta ƙara iskar gas wanda baya shiga cikin halayen sinadarai).Saboda maida hankali ba ya canzawa, adadin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin aiki a kowace girma ba ya canzawa.Amma a akai-akai girma, idan ka ƙara reactants, kuma, ka yi amfani da matsi, kuma ka ƙara maida hankali na reactants, za ka ƙara rate.
(2) Zazzabi: muddin yanayin zafi ya tashi, ƙwayoyin da ke amsawa suna samun kuzari, ta yadda wani ɓangare na ƙananan ƙwayoyin kuzari na asali ya zama masu kunnawa, suna ƙara yawan adadin kuzarin da aka kunna, yana ƙara yawan haɗuwa masu tasiri, ta yadda abin ya faru. yawan karuwa (babban dalili).Tabbas, saboda haɓakar zafin jiki, ƙimar motsin ƙwayoyin cuta yana haɓaka, kuma adadin haɗarin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na reactants a kowane lokaci naúrar yana ƙaruwa, kuma za'a haɓaka halayen daidai da haka (sabili da na biyu).
(3) Mai kara kuzari: yin amfani da ingantaccen mai kara kuzari na iya rage kuzarin da ake bukata don amsawa, ta yadda mafi yawan kwayoyin halittar da ke dauke da kwayar cutar za su zama masu kunnawa, suna inganta yawan adadin reactant kwayoyin halitta a kowace juzu'in naúrar, ta haka ne ke kara adadin masu amsawa sau dubbai.Korau mai kara kuzari shine akasin haka.
(4) Tattaunawa: Lokacin da wasu yanayi suka kasance iri ɗaya, ƙara yawan maida hankali na masu amsawa yana ƙara yawan adadin kuzarin da aka kunna a kowace juzu'in juzu'i, don haka ƙara ingantaccen karo, ƙimar amsawa yana ƙaruwa, amma adadin ƙwayoyin da aka kunna baya canzawa.
Abubuwan sinadarai daga abubuwan da ke sama guda huɗu na iya yin bayanin yadda muke rarraba wuraren lalata (lalata lokacin iskar gas, lalata lokaci na ruwa da lalatawar mu'amala):
1) A cikin lalata lokaci na iskar gas, kodayake ƙarar ba ta canzawa, matsa lamba yana ƙaruwa.Yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, kunnawar iska (oxygen), ruwa da mai watsawa yana ƙaruwa, kuma yawan haɗuwa yana ƙaruwa, don haka lalatawar gas ɗin yana ƙaruwa.Sabili da haka, zaɓin mai hana tsatsawar iskar gas mai dacewa da ruwa yana da matukar mahimmanci
2) ruwa lokaci lalata, saboda kunnawa na ƙara maida hankali, wasu ƙazanta iya (kamar hydrogen ions, da dai sauransu) a cikin wani rauni mahada da marufi kayan kara karo da samar da lalata, don haka da zabi na ruwa lokaci antirust wakili ya kamata a yi la'akari a hankali. hade da pH da albarkatun kasa.
3) Interface lalata, haɗe da matsa lamba, kunnawa catalysis, iska (oxygen), ruwa, propellant, ƙazanta (kamar hydrogen ions, da dai sauransu) m dauki, sakamakon dubawa dubawa, da kwanciyar hankali da kuma zane na dabara tsarin ne sosai key. .
Komawa ga tambayar da ta gabata, me yasa wani lokacin gwajin kwanciyar hankali yana aiki, amma har yanzu akwai rashin daidaituwa idan ya zo ga samar da yawa?Yi la'akari da waɗannan:
1: tsarin kwanciyar hankali na tsarin dabara, kamar canjin Ph, kwanciyar hankali emulsification, kwanciyar hankali jikewa da sauransu
2: ƙazanta a cikin albarkatun ƙasa suna wanzu, kamar canje-canje a cikin ions hydrogen da ions chloride
3: kwanciyar hankali na kayan aiki, ph tsakanin batches na albarkatun kasa, girman karkatar abun ciki da sauransu
4: da kwanciyar hankali na aerosol gwangwani da bawuloli da sauran marufi kayan, da kwanciyar hankali na kauri plating Layer, da maye gurbin albarkatun kasa lalacewa ta hanyar farashin da farashin kayan.
5: A hankali bincika kowane anomaly a cikin gwajin kwanciyar hankali, koda kuwa ƙaramin canji ne, yanke hukunci mai ma'ana ta hanyar kwatancen kwance, ƙara ƙaranci da sauran hanyoyin (wannan shine mafi ƙarancin ikon masana'antar aerosol na cikin gida a halin yanzu)
Sabili da haka, kwanciyar hankali na samfurin ya ƙunshi dukkanin bangarori, kuma wajibi ne a sami cikakken tsarin inganci don sarrafa dukkanin tashar tashar samar da kayayyaki (ciki har da ka'idojin saye, bincike da ci gaba, matakan dubawa, matakan samarwa, da dai sauransu) don saduwa da ma'auni mai kyau. dabarun, don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na ƙarshe da daidaituwar samfuran mu.
Abin takaici, abin da muke so mu raba a halin yanzu shine gwajin kwanciyar hankali ba zai iya tabbatar da cewa babu matsaloli a cikin gwajin kwanciyar hankali ba, kuma yawan samarwa dole ne ya sami matsala.Haɗa abubuwan da ke sama da gwajin kwanciyar hankali na kowane samfur, za mu iya hana mafi yawan haɗarin ɓoye.Har yanzu akwai wasu matsalolin da ke jiran mu mu bincika, ganowa da warwarewa.Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan jan hankali na aerosols shine ana sa ran mutane da yawa za su warware wasu abubuwan ban mamaki.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-23-2022
